Husband, Lover and Friend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Spouse, Lover and Friend - Essay Example The spouse and the wife are much the same as a vine interlaced or a branch united to another branch, with the two branches supporting each other. A man should likewise understand the ramifications of two individuals spending a lifetime together and sharing a coexistence in any event, when it involves enormous measure of resistance and benevolence. Both a couple must satisfy the human requirements for adoration, kinship, family, and friendship the requirement for warmth, acknowledgment, and appreciation. These are straightforward appearance of adoration. The job that a spouse plays could likewise be characterized by what we anticipate that him should be. Everyone anticipates that a spouse should be reliable, trustworthy, extreme, yet delicate. A man's reliability implies such a significant number of things. It could mean faithfulness, commitment, dependability, and grit. A man is unwavering not exclusively to the lady however he should likewise be dedicated to his commitments and the undertakings that go with being a decent spouse. A man is committed to the lady with his consideration as well as in the time that he goes through with her. The spouse additionally gives security at home. It is very oppressive for a man that he should give all the requirements at home. Nonetheless, from various perspectives doing this is the thing that truly makes a man a man. He was made the more grounded sex, genuinely with the goal that he could shield the lady and extra her from the bulky errands. More often than not, spouses measure themselves up on the force or authority that they employ in the family. Be that as it may, a spouse needs not a directing voice or any standard or law in light of the fact that a lady doesn't hold fast to some other sort of impact however love. A lady would give up her soul to the man who realizes how to adore. Bayless Conley couldn't have been so right when he cited that spouses must go all out in adoration for their wives - an affection set apart by giving, not getting. He further expressed that wives are an impression of the words husbands address them. Conley clarifies: I can become familiar with a mess about a man by simply seeing his better half's face. I discover what sort of man you are by taking a gander at your significant other's face. She is an impression of the manner in which you treat her and of the words you address her. It is composed, not all over your face. It is composed all over her face. In the event that you will be a decent sweetheart, you initially need to figure out how to adore with words. Praise as opposed to scrutinize. ( 2 ) In the event that the facts demonstrate that a decent spouse carries satisfaction and respect to the husband, it should likewise be genuine whichever way for it is the individual whom we love and worth the most who could shape our character and influence us the most. A lady would look great and look upbeat on the off chance that she is dealt with right. In the event that a spouse satisfies the lady's needs, it fulfills her. At long last, the spouse was charged to: Live euphorically with the spouse whom thou lovest all the times of the life of thy vanity, which he hath given thee under the sun, all the times of thy vanity: for that is thy divide in this life, and in thy work which thou takest under the sun.

The War on Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The War on Drugs - Essay Example r on Drugs is a joined exertion at the disallowance and stoppage of medications into the United States, including different military tasks, money related uses, and publicity activities to change the social mentality with respect to the agreeableness of medication utilization. Such projects incorporate the eminent Just Say No crusade, generally recognizable from the 1980s, which included showing kids the risks of medication use (Rogers and Blackstone, 2003). Further, as a component of the worldwide activity to stop sedate dealing in the U.S., the military executed Operation Just Cause which included the 1989 intrusion of Panama because of supposed reports that Panamas administration was intensely answerable for tranquilize developments into the United States (Rogers and Blackstone). Be that as it may, outside of the exercises being directed each year by the legislature to forestall sedate use, it is essential to recognize that regardless of these high monetary consumptions, medicate use and medication related issues keep on raising in the U.S. One sociological proficient contends that the War on Drugs crusade has furnished unlawful medications with heavier, anyway unintended, advertising and advancement, permitting society to get awfully educated about medication developments in this manner they are increasingly well-suited to devour them (Henslin, 2003). Engraining the presence of medications, as per the creator, into the social cognizance is what is accepted to be the explanation with respect to why medication use keeps on climbing locally. Obviously, Henslins perspective on the War on Drugs just speaks to a solitary conclusion, anyway measurements delineate that sedate feelings identified with the development and utilization of illicit substances has ascended by about 20% since 2001 (Rogers and Blackstone). This should bring the inquiry up in the brains of the American people concerning whether these state and government billions are being spent properly, as apparently the War on Drugs isn't having any huge effect on tranquilize dealing and utilization. Further, it is evaluated

The Scarlet Letter6 essays

The Scarlet Letter6 articles Numerous implications and conversation giving understanding into the letter The letter A was to be worn as a discipline, to be worn in disgrace, to be worn as adulteress. This might not have been obviously and straightforwardly expressed to the peruser, yet all through perusing the book, you assemble conceivable shrouded implications of Hesters red letter. Despite the fact that the feeling of the significance adulteress is steady, the figurative, enthusiastic, and moralistic implications of the red letter change from positive to negative translations all through the novel The Scarlet Letter. The Puritan people group was a dim, severe society, feeling not interested in the mankind of the lady remaining before them on the platform, with her baby little girl against her chest. The wonderfully weaved letter doesn't sparkle according to the individuals. The letter shapes the manner in which they take a gander at Hester and the manner in which they treat her. They detach Hester socially as well as through her area, which at last causes her own enthusiastic disengagement. It had the impact of a spell, removing her from the customary relations with mankind and inclosing her in a circle without anyone else. (40) Be that as it may, the people groups mentality changes. It experiences different thrill rides of positive and negative implications over the span of the novel. The imagery of the red letter is extended in Chapter Five, Hester at Her Needle. Though from the outset it spoke to Hester's infidelity and furthermore her embroidery abilities, it presently takes on more implications. The letter starts to speak to the shrouded disgrace of the network. This disgrace is appeared through Hesters responses around the network, similar to when she nearly conceals the letter with her hand. Evangelists will stop in the road and give messages when they see Hester. The letter in this way turns into a case of wrongdoing and goes about as an obstacle for others in the network. All through the starting sections Hester is... <!

The Different Impact Of Colonialism - 968 Words

The Different Impact of Colonialism Africa has been impacted many ways throughout history such as the struggles of the slave trade, independence from colonialism, economic and political development. The colonization of Africa played many roles when it came to the impact of Africans. Erik Gilbert, Jonathan Reynolds, A. Adu Boahen have addressed the impact and issues of Africa in books such as Africa in World History and African Perspectives on European Colonialism. The Scramble for Africa became such a big deal because there were many individuals involved such as Spain, Britain, Belgium, Italy, France, Europeans, Portugal, and Germany coming into Africa marking their territory in different countries throughout Africa. African societies were impact through many ways when it came to economic, social, and political structures. According to Boahen, the scramble for Africa was attributed of a â€Å"combination of internal African conditions and external Europeans factors† (28). These problems arise after the Transatla ntic Slave trade because in many part of Africa the trading of slaves was a huge part of their economy. In addition, for the Europeans they had a problem of not having the available resource unlike Africans after the abolition of slave trading to moving to trading natural and raw material. Europeans wanted and needed more power; However, the struggle to obtain their goal in Europe. Many thought that after the Transatlantic Slave trade the economy might not experience theShow MoreRelatedAfrican Perspectives On Colonialism By Adu Boahen1138 Words   |  5 Pages Zaidi 1 Syed Haider Zaidi Andrea Boffa History 108 Section G 4/23/15 â€Å"African Perspectives on Colonialism† is a book written by A. Adu Boahen. This book classifies the African responses to European colonialism in the 19th century. Boahen begins with the status of Africa in the last quarter of the 19th century and follows through the first years of African independence. This book deals with a twenty yearRead MoreAbstract. The Research Examines The Social, Economic And1704 Words   |  7 Pagesand political effect of colonialism in West Africa. A critical view of the activities carried in the study to explain the social, economic and political effect of colonialism, and a qualitative of the growth rate of the West Africa countries were examined. The study therefore concludes that colonialism greatly had an impact in the growth of the countries in the selected West Africa countries. 1.0 Introduction Our research study will focus more on the effect of colonialism in Western part Africa byRead MoreInfluential Colonisation And Its Impact On Contemporary Africa1507 Words   |  7 PagesOutlined by this quote, that although in terms of times colonialism is a small section of African history, it has left an imprint throughout the continent. This essay will look at how influential colonisation is in contemporary Africa, there are two main groups of scholars who argue how influential colonialism was in Africa the first is outlined by Gann and Duigan and they hold the view that the colonial era was ‘the most decisive for the future of Africa’. The alternative school of thought is heldRead MoreEffects Of Colonialism On Native Peoples1072 Words   |  5 Pages The Effects of Colonialism on Native Peoples Colonialism has had major effects on different countries throughout the years. Europeans were a major cause of these horrid events. Colonization will cause a country to lose the culture they have developed and will strip the natives of their souls. As you read through this paper, you will discover the true horror of what colonialism is and how it strips the souls of the people in it. Stripping the Souls of the Natives It is known that invading a countryRead MoreColonization Of The Colonial System1473 Words   |  6 PagesPortugal, Spain and Italy. Adu Boahen is a Ghanaian historian who wrote African perspectives of Colonialism in which, he analyzed the ninetieth and the twentieth century colonialism from a variety of African and European views. He examined the influence of the slave trade, the mood of the Africans at the eve of the colonial system, evaluated the colonial system and how it works and finally evaluated the impact of colonization upon the African continent. Although there is a lot of studies about colonizationRead MoreEffects Of Colonial Policies And Practices Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pages122-1201 November 20th, 2016 The detrimental impact of colonial policies and practices on â€Å"colonial† and post-colonial Africa. In spite of their independence, African nations continue to face serious economic, social, and military challenges. I claim colonialism served as a significant force that had a detrimental impact on African society, economics, and politics. The Oxford dictionary defines colonialism as the â€Å"policy or practice of acquiring full or partial politicalRead MoreImapct of Colonialism on Africa889 Words   |  4 PagesIMPACT OF COLONIALISM ON AFRICA In this view of the circumstances that existed during history in regards to colonial Africa. I venture to examine how colonialism is viewed, introducing you to a variety of texts which expose you to different views and debates about what Africa may well have been like today, had the colonization never taken place. The African resistance to colonialism put another perspective on the colonization of Africa by the Europeans and the Western influence Africa faced.Read MoreA Small Place By Jamaica Kincaid1266 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the effects of colonialism. The book is a punch in the gut for every tourist, westerner, and individuals who are the product of colonialism. Most western education does not teach the full context of colonialism. The extension of students’ knowledge is the Berlin conference of 1884, which divided African territory between Europeans and US leaders without the inclusion of Africans. The education in the West does not delve into the impact of the con ference after colonialism. There is never a mentionRead MorePost Colonial Afric State Building And Economic Modernization1596 Words   |  7 Pagesassociated with African and European cultures, he acknowledges the profound impact that Europe has left after colonization. It is true, that it is hard to glance past Africa’s colonial past, even to this day Africa tends to be seen as a foil to Europe like Chinua Achebe brilliantly stated. Despite gaining independence almost sixty years ago , most African states still seem to hold scars from their colonial past. Although colonialism lasted for only a century (which is a relatively short period of timeRead MoreEssay about Indigenous Health1500 Words   |  6 Pages(Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013). Before this time, it is suggested that Indigenous Australians lived relatively affluent lives and enjoyed generally better health than most people living in Europe (Hampton Toomb s, Indigenous Australian concepts of health and well-being, 2013). The arrival of introduced diseases, especially smallpox, caused considerable loss of life among Indigenous Australians. The impact of this is loss extended far beyond

Research Topic - 1530 Words

You Just Get Blocked. Teenage Drinkers: Reckless Rebellion or Responsible Reproduction? Authors: Johnson, Peter1 p.johnson@qub.ac.uk Source: Children amp; Society. Sep2011, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p394-405. 12p. Document Type: Article Subject Terms: *ALCOHOLISM -- Psychological aspects *ALCOHOLISM -- Risk factors *ATTITUDE (Psychology) *CULTURE *FOCUS groups *SOCIOLOGY *STEREOTYPES (Social psychology) *AFFINITY groups *NARRATIVES *ADOLESCENCE Geographic Terms: GREAT Britain Author-Supplied Keywords: adolescence alcohol childhood childrens culture youth Abstract: The purpose of this study is to challenge the discourse that underage drinking is inevitably deviant. Rather than imposing an adults lens, the article draws†¦show more content†¦Copyright of Journal of Youth Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holders express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.Copyright applies to all Abstracts. Author Affiliations: 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H4, Canada ISSN: 13676261 DOI: 10.1080/13676260600635649 Accession Number: 20855754 Database: Academic Search Complete Publisher Logo: Humor and the Rebellious Spirit of the Early Adolescent Boy. Authors: Capps, Donald1 joan.blyth@ptsem.edu Source: Pastoral Psychology. Mar2007, Vol. 55 Issue 4, p411-430. 20p. Document Type: Article Subject Terms: *SPIRITUALITY *RELIGIOUS education of teenage boys *CHRISTIAN education *SPIRITUAL formation *DISCIPLING (Christianity) Author-Supplied Keywords: Humor Jokes about boys Rebellion The honor code Abstract: In my companion article on the making of the reliably religious boy (D. Capps, 2006c) I presented my argument that, whereas the younger boy of three to five is becoming religious as a result of his emotional separation from his mother, the early adolescent boy (age 11–14) has become reliablyShow MoreRelatedResearch and Topic1860 Words   |  8 Pagesfully conversant with a topic area ï‚ § may be a stand alone paper or part of a research paper or proposal ï‚ § present a survey of scholarly articles, books and other sources that provides a summary, synthesis and critical evaluation of key ideas and work on a topic area. ï‚ § present a big picture or overview of significant work done on a topic ï‚ § enable you to gain deep understanding and insight by standing on the shoulders of giants ï‚ § help you prepare for further original research by analysis of the currentRead MoreA Research Study On Choosing A Topic Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesChoosing a topic Choosing a topic is always the first step of any research process. The statement seems simple, but the chosen topic defines all other stages of the process. In order to choose a topic, one has first to identify a problem whose remedy or eradication calls for research. This is then followed by the development of a research question. The question forms the statement that serves as the research topic. The topic, which is the focus of the study, provides keywords for the next stageRead MoreExample of a Well Stated Research Topic1569 Words   |  7 Pagesa well stated research topic from your area of study and justify why you think the problem is researchable. 1 b). Write short explanatory notes on the following concepts or terms; i. Population and sample ii. Probability sampling iii. Stratified random sampling iv. Nominal measurement scale AN ASSIGNMENT PRESENTED TO DR KUJEKE AT CHRIST COLLEGE AN AFFILLIATE OF THE GREAT ZIMBABWE UNIVERSITY 66 WEST ROAD AVONDALE,HARARE COURSE ; ADVANCED RESEARCH METHODS By BezzelRead MoreChoosing a Topic and the Research Proposal4936 Words   |  20 PagesCHOOSING A TOPIC AND THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL Objectives On reading this chapter you should: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ understand the importance of choosing a research topic that lends itself to a ’do-able’ project; be able to evaluate potential topics; be able to formulate a valid research question (and hypothesis); understand the importance of creativity, and its relationship to innovation in formulating your research question; understand the integral role played by the research question; Read MoreEvaluation Of A Research Topic Using Various Scientific Methods961 Words   |  4 Pages Reflection: Action Research There are many ways to approach on solving a research topic using various scientific methods. Research methods are mainly use in decision making that guide the researchers to develop and test out their hypothesis to their study. Action research is a type of applied research that uses systemic approach to evaluate and observe countless solutions to a problem. Action research is most likely to be used in educational setting, where educators to find and use applicableRead MoreInformation Systems Security : A Proposed Research Topic1816 Words   |  8 Pages Communications Assignment 2 INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY: A PROPOSED RESEARCH TOPIC Professor: Submitted by Student ID Mohit - 9 Table of contents: 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 2. Research Question and Purpose †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....4 3. Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......5 4. Planning and organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 5. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 6. References...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9Read MoreIntroduction:. The Chosen Research Topic For This Study1429 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The chosen research topic for this study is an exploration into some issues teachers face in their profession. This research project will be a pilot study. Pilot studies are essential to larger research projects as they can identify any problems that may arise when conducting larger scale project (Hussan et al,. 2006). I have chosen this research question because I aspire to become a teacher after graduating therefore curious about what the job entails. In July 2016 the Times EducationalRead MoreHow Do You Choose a Good Research Topic? Give Five Examples of a Good Research Topic and Justify Why You Choose Them, I E. Problem Issues in Each Topic and Why They Must Be Researched Upon.2331 Words   |  10 Pageschoosing an appropriate topic seem like a herculean task as a lot of problem areas may come to mind at the time of choosing the topic. What is more frustrating is being able to settle on a brilliant topic. Choosing the research topic is one of the most critical steps in conducti ng a successful by all standards. The truth is, the search for a good research topic is a daunting task, especially when researchers are often expected to know how to identify or figure out a good research question by themselvesRead MoreMarketing Research Topics1249 Words   |  5 PagesImportant Topics for Projects in Marketing Selection of research topic is the basic and important part of research report, thesis or dissertation. It requires a lot of energy, resources and time to choose an appropriate topic for the research. There are numerous factors which need to be taken into consideration before final selection of the research topic. For example a research topic should neither be too broad nor should be too narrow. Similarly, the topic should be researchable, interestingRead MoreResearch Methodology : Scientific And Systematic Approach For Relevant Information On A Specific Topic1204 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Methodology 3.1 Introduction Methodology is a scientific and systematic approach for relevant information on a specific topic. Suitable and correct usage of methodologies determines the consistency of success of any research. Bryman (2008) and Ethridge (2004) suggest that methodology used in conducting a research ascertains the objectives of the research. The collection of data, structuring and analyzing the results or findings needs proper usage of techniques and methodology. This chapter

Essay on The Dangers of Genetic Engineering - 619 Words

Genetic engineering has a fine line to when it becomes unethical. Ethically new research has offered to help people with disabilities and prevent them to better a persons life. The line is drawn when parents have the choice to modify their child through genomics, This may seem fine, but unfortunately parents are bettering their children to either make them smarter or more athletic. This modification endangers the childs life by unbalancing their original balance. Genomics allows a person to have their DNA modified to enhance them in certain areas such as sports or academics. Unfortunately these enhancements can have side effects that harm or endanger the life of that person. The process of modifying someone can be done while in the†¦show more content†¦But to do so would require healthy stem cells to be cloned from. William Hurlbut stated that this will, â€Å"Mark the beginning of a whole new chapter of moral scientific controversy† (Gibson David). Is this ethical t o make clones in an abnormal way? In Frankenstein the monster generates abilities such as â€Å"speech and emotion†, For example the monster finds Victors brother william and ends up acting on hate and kills him† (Shelly). Would clones be able to develop these same characteristics and control their emotions or act on them? In the book Frankenstein the monster asks Victor to make him a girl monster. Victor agrees to the request but later destroyed his work fearing they would have monstrous children together (Shelly). Should we destroy are works on genetic engineering fearing a traitorous outcome? Would creating a life in an abnormal meaning create a different breed of children if two modified beings reproduced? If this where to happen would they have special powers or abilities compared to a normal human? How would people look at this different breed? In Frankenstein the monster finds some people a man in particular who look past his appearance and problems, and relates to him, Although some people in the book can not get over and want to kill him or hurt him (shelly). But how would people in todays society see people who are different? After all, we have had many problems with discriminationShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers of Genetic Engineering Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussion concerning genetics and therefore must be addressed with care and consideration.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many ways that gene manipulation could come about.   Advances in spermatogenesis as well as the field of assisted reproductive technology, as seen in In Vitro Fertilization clinics, point toward methods that could house the systematic alteration of genetic information in reproductive cells.   Transplantation of sperm stem cells, embryo biopsy, and genetic testing of sperm and eggsRead MoreDangers and Consequences of Genetic Engineering Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesDangers and Consequences of Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering will be deadly. The harmful effects of this gene manipulation will not be discovered for years, and it will be too late to reverse the damage. The tools of genetic engineering are natural substances that control biochemical reactions that work like chemical scissors and glue, cutting and pasting DNA molecules and sticking them into the DNA of microbes. The microbes with these transplanted genes may beRead MoreThe Dangers of Genetic Engineering in Food Products Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dangers of Genetic Engineering in Food Products A whooping 60% of whats on our supermarket shelves may contain genetically engineered soya. Some 3000 genetically engineered foods are lined up for approval. How should genetically engineered (GE) foods be regulated? Foremost, we must clarify what genetic engineering is-- laboratory technique used by scientists to change the DNA of living organisms. DNA is the blueprint for the individuality of an organism. The organism relies upon the informationRead MoreDesigner Babies: What is Ethical? Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesday in the future as if choosing a child’s characteristics were a normal way of life. The use of genetic engineering should not give parents the choice to design their child because of the act of humans belittling and â€Å"playing† God, the ethics involved in interfering with human lives, and the dangers of manipulating human genes. Because of the recent technological advances in genetic engineering, parents could have the choice not only to pick and choose their children’s physical appearances, butRead MoreThe Engineering of Human Genetics in Dreams and Nightmares Essay1274 Words   |  6 Pageswith regard to human genetic modification (Whitehouse). While there is an enormous amount of potential in human genetic modification, there is an equal amount of controversy that questions the ethics of such practices. For example, should the ability to modify a child’s genetic code be viewed as a technological possibility, or should it be a social obligation to ensure that all children are disease-free? Should it be the parents’ right to modify their unborn child’s genetic code to whatever theyRead MoreA Research On Genetic Modification1260 Words   |  6 Pagespermanently disabled, and thirty-seven to die. This tragic event is one of many issues that sparks the continuous debate on geneti c modification, which concerns the purposes, benefits, and dangers of modifying an organism’s DNA . While advocates for the increased production of disease-resistant crops and advocates for immunizations by engineered genes consider genetic engineering as advantageous, many individuals believe that such technology poses a lot more physiological harm than it does benefitsRead MoreGenetic Engineering Is The Act Of Deliberately Altering Genes Or The Dna Sequence961 Words   |  4 Pages Genetic engineering is the act of purposely altering genes or the DNA sequence. Specifically, the process of genetic engineering in humans has a lot of potential in regards to creating a healthier, more disease free society. Imagine living in a world where you wouldn’t have to fear that your offspring would be born with a life threatening disease, because scientists and medical professionals would have the capability to work together in order to manipulate the particular gene responsible for causingRead MoreEssay on Genetic Engineering is Unethical1154 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaningful; (Wald 45). These words were spoken by a Nobel Prize winning biologist and Harvard professor, George Wald, in a lecture given in 1976 on the Dangers of Genetic Engineering. This quotation states that incredible inventions, such as genetic engineering, are not always beneficial to society. Genetic engineering is â€Å"altering the genetic material of cells and/or organisms in order to make them capable of making new substances or performing new functions; (Wald 45). It is also one of the topRead MoreGenetic Engineering: Designer Babies Essay690 Words   |  3 PagesWhen they fill questions out, a baby appears as it was described just before. The baby is in the picture of health, and looks perfect in every way. The use of genetic engineering shouldnt give parents the choice to design their child because of the act of humans â€Å"playing† God, the ethics involved in interfering with human lives, and the dangers of changing human genes. Because of recent technological advances in designer babies, parents could have the choice not only to pick and choose their childsRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetically Modified Crops1191 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States are genetically modified strains. Genetic engineering is very important to modern society because of the world’s expanding population and with the arising need of food; it provides an adequate source. Genetic engineering may have both advantages and disadvantages, but the future of mankind may be affected greatly if it is allowed to prosper as a modern science. Several main arguments that many people have about genetic engineering are the effects of scientific evolution, cloning experiments

Digital Culture and Electronic Tourism †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Digital Culture and Electronic Tourism. Answer: Introduction: The Australian copyright act 1968 has legislated the enforceable rights of creators of Creative and artistic works under Australian law. The copyright under the Australian law has provided protection of the property which is introduced as per the basis of a persons creative skill and works. It also protects the form or way of the idea of the information which has expressed through the skills but not Idea or information itself. This is also form of the moral rights of the creators where the Australian authority has provided the right of integrity of authorship, the right of attribution of authorship and the rights against false attribution of authorship. The copyright act has provided to protect the rights which includes the right to copy publish communicate and publicly Reform the copyright material (Stokes, 2014). Under the Australian law the copyright act 1968 is helps to protect the original literacy work, dramatic, musical and artist works which must be made by a citizen of Australia or that person first published the work in Australia or it has a specified connection with the country which is member of the relevant International copyright treaty. The literacy work includes any writing or any other material which has been written by the creator or the inventor and it may includes letters, emails, articles, novels, poetry, song lyrics, time table, data bases and any other computer programs. The copyright has also helps to protect the names and titles of the creator who have created through his work which may include the books or novels or any computer based programs or website or business slogan anything (Murray Unit, 2014). The part 3 of the copyright act 1968 has provided the protection in the original literacy, dramatic, musical and artistic works which includes under the literacy the computer programs business slogans and website productions also. The section 36 of the copyright act 1968 has provided the legislation of infringement by doing acts comprised in the copyright where the person who is not the owner of the copyright act must not influenced with the original work and if that person has influenced the copyright protection then the owner of the work must have right to take any reasonable steps to prevent or avoid the doing the act for protection of his original work. The copyright act not protected the ideas or information of the work from the original author. The ideas, concepts, styles, techniques and information it never be protected under the copyright act. However names, titles and slogans are protected by the copyright when the person who is using the slogan for his business purpose and other person is also trying to use the same slogan then as per the area of the law the original author can protected such slogans with the trademarks registrations which helps to protect the slogan under the copyright act (Papageorgiadis, Alexiou Nellis, 2016). One of the famous case of Federal Court of Australia Accor Australia New Zealand Hospitality Pty Ltd v Liv Pty Ltd [2015] the case has been related with the trademarks under the copyright act where the trademarks has been influenced by the defendant where it has been found that the plaintiff and defendant has the same identical trademarks which has been registered under the same business name, domain name and the website layout. Internet advertisement is also has the similarity. Therefore the plaintiff has registration under the trademarks which helps him to get the legal authority to continue with his business Trademark whereas defendant has faced legal obligations (Schmelzer, 2014). In another case state of State of Victoria v Pacific Technologies (Australia) Pty Ltd (No 2) [2009] has confirmed about the businesses which is interested in protecting their valuable trading names and slogans and want to registered trademarks rather than seeking to depend on the copyright. In this case the court has been processed the justice in the copyright Tribunal for The Pacific Technologies where they have a determination on the royalty payable by the state of Victoria for using their copyright phrase. Therefore it has been stated that copyright never subsist in the relevant phrase on the basis that the phrase was to ordinary insubstantial and common place to constitute an original literacy work under the copyright act 1968. Therefore it is only recognized as an idea therefore it never be protected under this act (Murray Unit, 2014). IceTV Pty Limited v Nine Network Australia Pty Limited [2009] is another Australian famous case of copyright act where it has been stated that literacy work has been in framed under the copyright act while a television programs has been broadcast on the television station. However the plaintiff has make the allegation infringement of copyright by Reproduction of substantial part of their weekly schedule and the copyright act has been infringed where the defendant has been fined with penalties for in French the copyright act 1968 (Papageorgiadis, Alexiou Nellis, 2016). The Telstra Corporation Limited v Desktop Marketing Systems Pty Ltd [2001] is another case of Federal Court of Australia where it has been registered under the copyright protection act. In this case the decision has been given that allowed the subjects of the product for the user to acts reverse for the telephone searches service number which make it similar which related to the publicly listed directories which is some of the subjects was listed in a different fashion. In this case the owner of the telephone directories has found that they owned the rights in copyright in the subjects of those directories. Therefore the use of the data by the respondent has been stated the infringement of the copyright under the copyright act 1968 of Australia (Stokes, 2014). According to the case facts Richard Mops has started a car rental company in his location which has its own website name Outback rentals and themed in a red, yellow and Orange color scheme and it also used the style font called the Outback. He has also design his website with the slogan Zoom Zoom Australia and it offers various car rental options, holidays and tourism package for the customers. Duncan Davies is another person who has same car rental business in Central Australia which name is Red Dirt Rentals is also has using the slogan Zoom Zoom Safaris for the past 10 years. He has also owned a website which has bright red and Orange color scheme and uses a stylish font called the Outback and it also offer the for the customer for 2 to 10 days holiday packages which includes rental, transport, tourism, food and Accommodation packages. Recently he noticed that the booking has been decreased significantly rather than the previous year while there regular customers are booking their usual 6 days vacation with the Outback rentals through their website. Now he wants to protect his website and business slogan under the copyright act of Australia (Murray Unit, 2014). Copyright is provide such rights where the creators has introduced their creative works such as text, artistic works, music, computer programs, sound recording. The rights has provided by the copyright owner for the production of the material where they has also write to perform of such work to the public. Therefore the copyright owners can involved in preventing their works others from reproducing communicating their work without their permission or may sell these rights to someone else. It also provides a separate right to the property right for any object or material where it actually works automatically. There is no need for copyright registration in Australia until there is a legal requirement to publish the work or to put a copyright notice on such work. It automatically protected as soon as it has been formed into material way which has been written down or recorded or introduces any computer program etc. However copyright never helps to protect ideas concept style or techniqu es (Stokes, 2014). Under the copyright it helps to protect: textual materials like any literacy work which includes journal, articles, novels, screenplays, poems, song, lyrics and reports the computer programs like websites the complications where the selection and arrangement of material may be protected separately from the individual items the artistic work which includes cartoons, sculpture, craft work, drawing, painting, building, photographs the dramatic works which includes plays, choreography, the musical work, lyrics, music itself or recording the cinematograph films which includes video, film, DVD the sound recording like any music or story which is protected by the copyright the broadcast which includes TV and radio broadcaster The published editions like any publishers have their typographical arrangement which is completely separate from the copyright in works reproduce in the addition like poem on music anything. The names titles and slogans are also maybe really too small but they are protected under the copyright act. Therefore if someone uses a name title or slogan which is already being used by someone else may create legal obligation for him such as trademarks (Schmelzer, 2014). Under the Trademarks act 1995 it has protected such slogans on names or marks which should be registered under the Australian government for the protection under the copyright law and it will help the person to registration his own company name or business name for prevent others from registering and using the same name (Papageorgiadis, Alexiou Nellis, 2016). Therefore according to the case study Duncan has a business from past 10 years. Therefore he should have a registration under the trademarks act for protect his website business slogan and for the protection of the website he can registered under the copyright Protection Act 1968 which helps him to running his business smoothly and prevent other person for not using his business name or slogans but the idea, style, techniques or information are never be protected under the copyright act (Murray Unit, 2014). The person who owner of the work has right to set the rules of copyright act. Therefore the copyright act set the general rule where the creator of the work of the person who is making such creation has right to published it publicly first and protect their work under the Federal Government of Australia. The copyright act has provided such rules where the creation of the work is protected for 70 years from the year of Publication. Therefore sometimes copyright owners can use some Technologies to protect their digital materials like computer software or website. Therefore it will help to identify and monitor digital copies of the material and if any infringement has been found by other person then that copyright owners can take any kind of legal action against the person who has beached the copyright act. Under the copyright act it is completely a criminal offence for infringing the copyright act of the creator (Stokes, 2014). Conclusion Therefore according to the case facts if it has been found that Richard Mops has infringed the copyright of Duncan business. However the original creator can claim for the damages and compensate for the money for the infringement. If the court is found that it has been infringement therefore the plaintiff can apply for an injunction for such infringement of the copyright. If a person has found guilty for the infringement of copyright act therefore he can be finned with monetary penalties or imprisoned for up to 2 years (Papageorgiadis, Alexiou Nellis, 2016). Reference Accor Australia New Zealand Hospitality Pty Ltd v Liv Pty Ltd [2015] FCA 554 (5 June 2015) IceTV Pty Limited v Nine Network Australia Pty Limited [2009] HCA 14. Murray, T., Unit, I. P. (2014). Duration of Copyright Protection in Australia. Papageorgiadis, N., Alexiou, C., Nellis, J. G. (2016). International licensing revisited: the role of copyright and trademark enforcement strength. European Journal of Innovation Management, 19(2), 261-275. Schmelzer, R. A. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,645,279. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. State of Victoria v Pacific Technologies (Australia) Pty Ltd (No 2) [2009] FCA 737 Stokes, S. (2014). Digital copyright: law and practice. Bloomsbury Publishing. Telstra Corporation Limited v Desktop Marketing Systems Pty Ltd [2001] FCA 612 Trequattrini, R., Manfredi, S., Lombardi, R., Scordino, L. D. (2017). Copyright-based industry and network theory: exploring new horizons. International Journal of Digital Culture and Electronic Tourism, 2(2), 83-102.

Nafta Essays (3799 words) - International Trade, Trade Blocs

Nafta Introduction Summary In January 1994, the United States, Mexico, and Canada implemented the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The goal of NAFTA is to create better trading conditions through tariff reduction, removal of investment barriers, and improvement of intellectual property protection. NAFTA continues to gradually reduce tariffs on set dates and aims to eliminate all tariffs by the year 2004. Before NAFTA was established, investing in Mexico was a difficult process. Investors needed the Mexican Government's approval and were also required to meet specific investment guidelines. These requirements necessitated investors to export a set level of goods and services, utilize domestic goods and services, and transfer technology to competitors. Under NAFTA, investors no longer need government approval to invest and are treated as domestic investors. NAFTA has also increased intellectual property rights and allowed companies to obtain patents in Mexico and Canada. In the past, companies were hesitant to export research and development intensive goods; with increased intellectual property protection, however, exports of these goods has shown a definite increase. As a result of better trading conditions, exports and imports of most other goods have increased along with the research and development intensive goods. In Mexico, the elimination of investment barriers has allowed investment to expand. Increased trading and investment has then created many jobs, raised the Gross Domestic Product, and lowered consumer prices. The macroeconomic principles defined in Economics 103 relate to NAFTA's impact on aggregate supply and demand, employment, investment, and their effects on national income. The free trade established by MERCOSUR also involves countries within South America. MERCOSUR, the Southern Common Market ( Mercado Common del Sur) was established in 1991 after a series of other free trade treaties failed to meet the standards of the countries involved. It is set up on the basis of free trade zones and eventually to lead to a common market. Before MERCOSUR there was ALALC, the Latin American Free Trade Association. It was formed in 1960 and set up free trade zones through the periodic negotiations between the members of the association. ALALC ended in the 1970's due to these negotiations because they were left to the discretion of the countries involved and unfair practices started to occur. After ALAC, came ALADI, the Latin American Integration Association. Founded in 1980, it established economic preference zones instead of free trade. This encouraged economic growth and increased actions and agreements between countries that previously had no connections. In 1986 Argentina and Brazil signed a Treaty for Integration, Cooperation, and Development which was originally set up to remove tariff barriers and tie together the macroeconomic policies of the two countries. This Treaty is what led to MERCOSUR. MERCOSUR is a process of integration to form a common market on the foundations of open regionalism. In March of 1991 Paraguay and Uruguay joined MERCOSUR and most recently Chile became a part of the market in 1996. The goals set by the agreement are to create free transit of production goods and lifting of non-tariff restrictions on transit goods. It was set up to adopt a common trade policy with nations that are not a part of the market and to set up a fixed common external tariff for all to follow. There are quite a few other goals that was set by MERCOSUR including a clause that states that the countries involved will be able to adjust their laws for the purpose of strengthening the agreement. The main point of MERCOSUR is to set up free trad e among South American countries and to encourage new countries to join (americasnet.com). Another related trade agreement conveying the benefits of international trade is the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT). A trade agreement that conveys the positive outcomes of international trade is the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT). It was created in 1947 and like NAFTA promotes international trade through the reduction of tariffs. Today, GATT encompasses over one hundred countries and 90% of the world's trade goods (Sabir 1). There have been eight different versions of GATT, each resulting in a new trade agreement. The most recent is referred to as the Uruguay Round and is one of the largest and most comprehensive trade pacts in history

Description of Telescopes essays

Description of Telescopes essays Telescopes are one of the main ways that astronomers explore the universe. They come in all shapes and sizes depending on their function. Generally, bigger telescopes are better if you want to see faint, far-away things, because they can gather more light and have better resolution. Resolution is the ability of a telescope to discern objects close together; for example, the ability to clearly separate two stars that are very close together or the ability to see smaller craters on the Moon. The gamma rays are the most powerful type of radiation, discovered at the beginning of the century as radioactive substance emissions. Like the light, the gamma rays are constituted by photons, particles of light, with the difference that a gamma photon has more than a million, even thousands of million of times more energy that a photon of visible light. By their high energy these photons penetrate lead plates, and to generate them in the Earth we required subatomic particle accelerators: once accelerated, these particles can produce gamma rays when hitting other particles that serve as target. In analogous form, the celestial gamma ray sources must accelerate subatomic particles and make them affect a target. An alternative is that the accelerated particles emit gamma rays in the presence of an electromagnetic field. In any case, the gamma radiation emission obeys to different processes that are require to emit visible light. Studies of astronomical objects in high energy X-rays and gamma rays began in the early 1960s. Although high altitude balloons and rockets can provide X-ray and gamma ray data, the best results come from satellites orbiting completely outside the Earths atmosphere. X-ray telescope mirrors are coated with gold or other metals. The mirrors have shallow angles of reflection because X-rays are so short they only reflect at angles almost parallel to the rays themselves. At steeper mirror angles the rays won&ap...

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Technology - Essay Example The goal of modern warfare technologies like nuclear, chemical and biological weapons is to shatter the opponent by causing massive, large scale and indiscriminate loss of human life. Technology has not only made it possible to cause pervasive and senseless killing in human conflicts but â€Å"the challenges to the laws of war posed by technological revolution (Allenby 70)† have made modern warfare more unethical and impersonal. Simply speaking technology has made warfare more lethal by bringing into existence the weapons of mass destruction like the nuclear, chemical and biological weapons that cause senseless killing and are not concerned about the humane and ethical concerns governing wars. For instance, nuclear weapons are the creation of the technological development that has taken place in the past few decades. Nuclear weapons tend to be weapons of mass destruction that can cause large scale destruction and the loss of human life. Nuclear weapons rely for their impact on the energy inherent in the nucleus of an atom. When the particles in the nucleus of an atom either split or merge with each other, massive amounts of energy are released. When the nucleus of the atoms of a nuclear material like uranium or plutonium is split by using a neutron, leading to the release of energy, this process is called nuclear fission (Mueller 93). In contrast when the two atoms of an element like the isotopes of hydrogen merge leading to the release of large amounts of energy, this process is called nuclear fusion (Mueller 74). Nuclear weapons rely on nuclear fission or nuclear fusion to release energy that could cause massive bloodshed and destruction. The atomic bomb is a nuclear de vice that relies on nuclear fission to cause death and destruction. The atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima during the Second World War released energy equivalent to 15,000 tons of TNT and killed approximately

Life is a Trajectory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life is a Trajectory - Essay Example The river never gets stagnant. From the tender brooks on the lap of the mountains, it runs down as streams getting titanic form and passing by greatest civilisations and mighty cities of the world to end its long drawn journey into the ever eclipsing oceans where the entity of this particular river gets effaced along with many joining the mighty procession called life. In a similar manner, life initiates on the lap of parents, tender and wild, innocent like a flower. At that point of time, love, care and nurturing becomes the only need of life. At the brink of youth, vibrant and exuberant life has an unknown threat to explore the unexplored, to experience the inexperienced and navigate through the dark and unseen abbeys of the wilderment. Then comes the middle age with maturity of perception and wide experiences, where the tramping feet gets shackled with added responsibility and thought that echo in redundant way that wounded knees were better than broken hearts.

Superconductors & physicist Essay Example for Free

Superconductors physicist Essay Superconductivity was discovered by a Dutch physicist Kammerlingh Onnes in 1911 while studying â€Å"resistivity of mercury at low temperature† (Halliday 1999). To his surprise he found that below a temperature of about 4K mercury suddenly lost all its resistivity that was named by him as a superconductor. Conductors are those substances through which electricity pass to a larger extent. Superconductors are conductors that lose their resistance at a very low temperature. Every conductor possesses resistivity up to a certain extent whereas; superconductors lose their resistivity at low temperature. Superconductors are conductors with zero resistance. Functions and Applications Nowadays superconductors are used by scientists in making different things like noise reduction filters, communication satellites, mobile signal receivers, and other sophisticated and important machines which are extremely useful to us. Extensive researches are being carried out to design superconductors and ceramics to be used future for communication technology (Klauda 2000). Several experiments are conducted to reveal the possibility of cryogenic and high-temperature superconductor technology for use in base transceiver stations (BTS’s) and communication satellites for global mobile communication (Klauda 2000). Super conductors has helped a lot in the medical field by saving and diagnosing a lot of disorders in the human body like introducing MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) in which image is made of the inner delicate parts of the human body such as brain, stomach etc (Uses for Superconductors). Super conductors have also played a major role in advancing the transport system by replacing the huge electromagnets with super conducting magnets thus making it faster. A train operating on super conducting magnet attained an unbelievable speed of 361 mph (Uses for Superconductors). Electric generators composed of super conductors are of great importance because they are much better than the ordinary and typical generators. Super conducting generators produce much more electricity than ordinary generators. Nowadays efforts are made to commercialize these generators in order to fulfill the energy need of the world. Nowadays superconducting transformers have also been introduced to the world. In some countries underground cables including copper are replaced by superconductors making it more efficient than ordinary copper cables. Modern calculations reveal that supper conducting cables are 7000% efficient than ordinary copper cables (Uses for Superconductors). It is believed that in the next decade superconductors will replace electrical appliances in which copper is used. Super conductors are also used in industry to make Ultra high performance filters. Future of Superconductors Superconductors are of high utility in the future. Beside benefits there are also some drawbacks of using superconductors on a larger scale. Superconducting magnets are hazardous to human health thus restricting the commercial usage of MAGLEV vehicles (Uses for Superconductors). Another hitch in the wide usage of superconductivity is its high cost that for several decades restricted the functions of superconductors. Since superconductivity is attainable only at a very low temperature that is achieved in a bath of liquid helium. Since helium is found in very little quantity in the atmosphere is therefore, extremely costly limiting the functionality. After decades of hectic research, liquid nitrogen has replaced helium lowering the cost to a greater extent. References Halliday, David. (1999). Physics (Vol.2 Extended Version, 4th Ed).Robert Resnick, Kenneth S Krane. John. John Wiley Sons, Inc. New York Klauda, Matthias. (July 2000). Superconductors and Cryogenics for Future Communication Systems. Tobias Kasser, Bernd Mayer, Christian Neumann, Frank Schnell, Bachitor Aminov, Arno Baumfalk, Heinz Chaloupka, Serguei Kolesov, Helmut Piel, Norbert Klein, Stefan Schornstein, and Martin Bareiss. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 48, no. 7, 1227 Uses for Superconductors. Accessed August 19, 2008 http://superconductors. org/Uses. htm

The Violation of William Blakes Songs of Innocence Essay examples --

The Violation of Blake's Songs of Innocence      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: William Blake's Songs of Innocence contains a group of poetic works that the artist conceptualized as entering into a dialogue with each other and with the works in his companion work, Songs of Experience. He also saw each of the poems in Innocence as operating as part of an artistic whole creation that was encompassed by the poems and images on the plates he used to print these works. While Blake exercised a fanatical degree of control over his publications during his lifetime, after his death his poems became popular and were encountered without the contextual material that he intended to accompany them.    William Blake was probably more concerned than any other major Romantic author with the process of publication and its implications for the interpretation of his artistic creations. He paid a price for this degree of control over the process of printing, however: Blake lived in poverty and artistic obscurity throughout his entire life. Later, when his poems began to be distributed among a wider audience, they were frequently shorn of their original contexts. For William Blake, there has been a trade-off between the size of the audience he has reached and the degree of control he exerted over the publication process.    Blake was not satisfied merely to write poems and send them off to a publisher; instead, he designed illustrations to accompany his poems, engraved the poem-illustration works onto copper plates, printed the plates onto paper, and (when color was desired) colored the pages by hand, then bound the printed pages into volumes for sale. Blake was assisted in much of this work by his wife, Catherine, who had been illiterate when he ma... ...990. Hilton, Nelson. "William Blake, Songs of Innocence and of Experience" in The Blackwell Companion to Romanticism. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. Online. Internet. 25 February 2000. Available http://virtual.park.uga.edu/~wblake/SONGS/begin/songs.html Hirsch, E. D., Jr. Innocence and Experience: An Introduction to Blake. Yale University Press: New Haven and London, 1964. Keynes, Sir Geoffrey. Introduction to William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience. Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul. Ed. Geoffrey Keynes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. Mason, Michael. Notes to William Blake: A Critical Edition of the Major Works. Ed. Michael Mason. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Stauffer, Andrew M. "The first known publication of Blake's poetry in America" in Notes and Queries v43, n1 (March, 1996): 41-43.

Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight and Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California

The fields of social sciences and the legal system have become inextricably linked in response to the development of system processes to aid in problem solving. Each of the fields informs the other, utilizing their respective extensive expertise and knowledge-based literature to address the prevailing challenges in the society. In the desire to address the complex criminality and societal problems that beset the nation, the legal system and the practitioners of social sciences are inevitably linked so that the knowledge base and expertise of one can collaborate with the other and vice versa.The development of therapeutic jurisprudence became an imperative, each field having an impact on the other towards the creation of systemic processes to solve society’s problems. The civil liberties accorded under the Bill of Rights are safeguards against the vast powers of government. Their existence and observance ensure individuals from the undue governmental interference and interventi on. One of these privileges is the right against self-incrimination. In the cases of U. S. v. Doe, (465 U. S. 605) and Doe v. U. S. [487 U. S.201, 209 (1988)], the Court enumerated the three (3) requisites that should be present for the Fifth Amendment to apply, namely: a) â€Å"that the statement be testimonial; b) incriminating; and, c) compelled. † However, in the case of Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, the defendant was ordered incarcerated for refusing to disclose the whereabouts of her child who was believed to be abused. The Court ruled that the privilege is inapplicable considering that what was demanded of Bouknight was not testimonial in character.Moreover, assuming that it was, the Court ruled that as between the individual right and public interest; the latter should prevail. The safety and well being of a child is a matter of public interest and therefore Bouknight can be compelled to disclose the necessary information. In the case of Ta rasoff v. Regents of University of California, the Court ruled that a therapist/physician can breach his duty of confidentiality with respect to matters disclosed by his patient in the course of treatment by warning the readily identifiable person of the peril or harm to his life.This duty to warn is countenanced by law or by the code of ethics of physicians. This ruling also serves as an exception to American negligence cases where special relationship of parties must be held to exist. Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U. S. 1301 (1988) A three month old infant was admitted for treatment in a hospital. It became apparent that the mother, Jackie Bouknight may have maltreated the infant.Consequently, the Department of Social Services (DSS) petitioned the Court to declare the child as a â€Å"child in need of assistance† and grant it the power to put the child under foster care (Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U. S. 1301 (1988). The Court granted relief and it was agreed upon by the parties that Bouknight shall have the custody of the child subject to the conditions of supervised parenting and an undertaking of non-infliction of bodily harm and punishment on the child. At first, Bouknight complied with the conditions but later on she became uncooperative and refused to produce her son to the DSS.The DSS in fear for the safety and well being of the child filed a case before the Court to compel Bouknight to produce her son. She failed to appear before the Court but was later on arrested. On her refusal to disclose the whereabouts of her son, she was found guilty of contempt and was ordered to be incarcerated until compliance with the order [In re Maurice, No. 50 (Dec. 19, 1988). 314 Md. 391, 550 A. 2d 1135]. On certiorari, the Court of Appeals of Maryland ruled that the incarceration of Bouknight was an infringement of her Fifth Amendment right against self incrimination.According to the Court, the p roduction of the son is testimonial in nature because by doing so, it only proves Bouknight’s â€Å"continuing control† over her son which may be utilized in a criminal proceeding. It ruled that there are acts of production deemed to have testimonial value citing the case of U. S. vs. Doe (Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U. S. 1301 (1988). The U. S. Supreme Court granted the stay of DSS pending the filing of the requisite petition for certiorari.The grant of stay was based on the fact that even assuming that the act of production of the child is testimonial in character, many line of decisions of the Court are clear that as between the public need vis-a-vis a single claim of an individual on constitutional privilege, the former is upheld. In this particular case, the safety and interests of the abused child must be upheld over Bouknight’s assertion considering that, in the hierarchy of values, the safety and welfare of the child tak es precedence over other concerns (Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U.S. 1301 (1988). Moreover, the information sought which is the whereabouts of the child is for the contempt charge and therefore civil in nature (Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U. S. 1301 (1988). The Fifth Amendment: Right against Self-Incrimination The Fifth Amendment originated from England and derived from the Latin maxim â€Å"nemo tenetur seipsum accusare† meaning â€Å"no man is bound to accuse himself† (Levy, 1968). It was used in both the accusatorial and inquisitorial legal systems of England (Levy, 1968). In the U.S. , after the revolution the states ratified the Constitution with the inclusion of the privilege in the bill of rights. The original version of Madison was amended by the House to include â€Å"in any criminal case† (Schwartz, 1971). Thus, as it now stands, the Fifth Amendment provides, â€Å". . . nor shall be c ompelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself . . . † (U. S. Constitution, Bill of Rights). The primary purpose of its inclusion in the Bill of Rights is â€Å"to protect the innocent and to further the search for truth† [Ullmann v.United States, 350 U. S. 422 (1956)]. However, in subsequent line of decisions, the Court ruled that other privileges stated in the bill of Rights are more in the nature of adjuncts to the determination of truth such as the right to counsel or the safeguards afforded by the Fourth Amendment while the privilege against self-incrimination is primarily for â€Å"the preservation of the accusatorial system of criminal justice. † This maintains the integrity of the judicial system and protects the privacy of the individuals from government intrusion [Miranda v.Arizona, 384 U. S. 436, 460 (1966); Schmerber v. California, 384 U. S. 757, 760–765 (1966); California v. Byers, 402 U. S. 424, 448–58 (1971)]. The privi lege is a guarantee against compulsion for testimonial evidence which consequently will result in the imposition of criminal penalty on such person making testimony. The Court laid down the requirements necessary before a party can successfully invoke the protection of the privilege against self-incrimination. In the cases of U. S. v. Doe, (465 U. S. 605) and Doe v. U. S. [487 U. S.201, 209 (1988)], the Court enumerated the three (3) requisites that should be present for the Fifth Amendment to apply, namely: a) â€Å"that the statement be testimonial; b) incriminating; and, c) compelled. † According to the court, ‘testimonial’ refers to all communications whether express or implied which â€Å"relate to a factual assertion or disclose information† (Ashby, J. , 2006 citing Doe v. U. S. , 487 U. S. 201). The statements or communications made whether verbally or in writing fall within the privilege (Ashby, J. , 2006) and is not limited by the forum where it w as elicited, i. e.before the court, administrative proceedings or before the law enforcement office [Lefkowitz v. Turley, 414 U. S. 70 (1973)]. The second requirement, ‘incriminating’ refers to statements that can be used as a basis for a finding of criminal liability under a penal law or â€Å"provides a link to the chain of evidence for prosecution under a criminal statute† [United States v. Hubbell, 530 U. S. 27 (2000)]. The third requisite is the compulsion to give a statement. The Court explained that this requisite refers to â€Å"circumstances that deny the individual a free choice to admit, to deny, or to refuse to answer† (Ashby, J., 2006). Additionally, the Court ruled in the case of Fisher v. United States that these three requisites should all concur and be present so that the privilege can be successfully invoked [425 U. S. 391(1976)]. Legal and Ethical Issues and their Impact on Social Work Practice The main legal issue in the case of Baltimo re is whether the circumstances surrounding it would fall within the ambit of the privilege against self incrimination and consequently, Bouknight may successfully invoke it and prevent her from being compelled to produce or furnish the whereabouts of her son lest be incarcerated for contempt.The Supreme Court allowed the stay of the decision of the appellate court for overturning the ruling of the juvenile court and in finding that the compulsion for Bouknight to produce her son squarely fell within the privilege and therefore ordered her release (Alderman and Kennedy, 1992). The appellate court found that the act of production is testimonial and therefore its compulsion, is a violation of the privilege. Furthermore, the interest of the government in the safety of the son cannot outweigh the observance and respect for the privilege against self incrimination as provided in the Bill of Rights (Alderman and Kennedy, 1992).In other words, the three requisites concurred, i. e. the act of production or of furnishing information as to the whereabouts of her son are incriminating and testimonial in character; and, there was also compulsion because if she failed to disclose information sought she would be incarcerated for contempt as what had happened. The Supreme Court through Chief Justice Rehnquist predicated his discussion on three major points, namely: a) The Court of Appeals passed upon a controversy concerning the federal Constitution which logically can be properly resolved by the U. S.Supreme Court (California v. Riegler, 449 U. S. 1319); b) The act of production does not fall within the ambit of the privilege citing the cases of U. S. v. Doe, Fisher v. U. S. and Schmerber v. California. In these cases, the court ruled that the act of production of the documents is not ‘testimonial’ and therefore does not infringe upon the privilege considering that their existence and location are already known to the Government. In fact, responding to a subpoe na have been considered legal and acceptable even if compulsion is present [Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. 391 (1976)]. Moreover, when an accused is required to furnish his handwriting sample, this had been held not to violate the privilege because it is not ‘testimonial’ but merely evidentiary United States v. Flanagan, 34 F. 3d 949 [10th Cir. 1994]). The third point c) is by using the balancing of interests test or balancing the public need vis-a-vis ensuring the individual’s constitutional civil liberties, public need prevailed considering that the disclosure of information was non-criminal and not directed at a particular group as was held in the case of California v.Byers, 402 U. S. 424 (1971) where the validity of a law requiring disclosure of the name and address at the scene of a vehicular accident. Similarly in the case of New York v. Quarles where the Fifth Amendment rights have to give way to a public safety exception and therefore in the case of Bo uknight, â€Å"the public safety exception to the Fifth Amendment was justified because its interest was in protecting children like Maurice, not in prosecuting† (Alderman and Kennedy, 1992).In sum, the privilege against self-incrimination is not an absolute right. Albeit the civil liberties accorded under the Bill of Rights safeguards undue government intervention and restraint to its power, there are instances when these rights would have to give way to compelling interests of the society that would warrant Government intervention and intrusion such in the case of protecting and ensuring the safety of infants or children from physical abuse.Once it has been established that a child is abused, it becomes the duty of the State to take over and protect. The judicial pronouncement in the case of Bouknight has a pervading and far reaching implication on social work practice. This gives the social workers a great burden and responsibility to follow up sharply abused children in f oster care or those released under an order of protective supervision. Admittedly, there is an apparent lack of strict protocols in the present system of child welfare agencies (Parks, 2005).A set of guidelines must be crafted to govern exigencies of missing children from foster care like supervised visits and court orders in cases of abduction like what have occurred in Maryland with â€Å"Ariel† who had been abducted by his mother Teresa B (Parks, 2005). Guidelines should also be drawn to address the coordinated efforts both with the law enforcement and child welfare personnel. Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425 A graduate student from India, Prosenjit Poddar went to the University of California Berkeley to study naval architecture.It was there that he met Tatiana Tarasoff. A few kisses made him believe that they have a special relationship until Tarasoff bragged about her many relationships with other men. Poddar suffered depression until he so ught professional help from Dr. Moore, a psychologist of the University Health Service. He confided to the doctor that he intended to secure a gun and to kill Tarasoff. On the strength of a letter request of Dr. Moore, Poddar was taken by the campus police, however upon assurance that Poddar was reasonable he was released.Upon the return of the University Health psychiatrist from his vacation, he ordered the destruction of Dr. Moore’s letter and did not recommend any further action on Poddar’s case. When Tarasoff returned from her vacation, she was stabbed and killed by Poddar who at that time moved in with her brother already. The parents of Tarasoff sued the Regents of the University, its health personnel namely, Gold, Moore, Powelson, Yandell and the campus police namely, Atkinson, Beall, Brownrigg, Hallernan, and Teel for â€Å"failing to warn their daughter of an impending danger† (Tarasoff v.Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). At the lowe r court, the complaint was dismissed because there was no cause of action. According to the lower court, the defendants only had the duty to the patient and not to a third party. The dismissal was appealed to the Appeals Court but which only sustained the dismissal. Thus, it was elevated to the Supreme Court of California. The appealed decision in so far as the university police officers, Atkinson, Beall, Brownrigg, Hallernan, and Teel finding them not liable to the plaintiffs was affirmed.However, in so far as the therapists and the Regents of the university, the appealed decision was overturned for reception of evidence in accordance with the pronouncements of the Supreme Court (Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). In fine, the complainants averred four (4) causes of action, namely: a) â€Å"Failure to detain a dangerous patient; b) failure to warn on a dangerous patient; c) abandonment of a dangerous patient; and, d) breach of primary duty to patient and the public† (Tarasoff v.Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). Anent the first and fourth causes of action, the Supreme Court ruled that the defendants cannot be held liable because of a specific provision of the Government Code or Section 856 thereof which grants immunity to public employees from any resultant damage or injury from deciding whether or not to confine a person with mental ailment. This provision is also applicable to the therapists because the law also refers to those who are capable of recommending confinement.As regards the third cause of action, the government immunity includes the â€Å"award of exemplary damages resulting from a wrongful death† and therefore, defendants cannot be held liable (Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). Anent the second cause of action, the Supreme Court found defendants therapists and Regents of the University to have failed to comply with their duty to warn Tarasoff of the peril to her life.Albeit, the therapists had no direct relations with Tarasoff, they could have reasonably foreseen the danger and threat to her life as confided by their patient, Poddar. This is the point where the law establishes the duty of care on their part to warn Tarasoff. Their failure to warn her may reasonably concluded as a proximate cause of her death. The duty of confidentiality between patient and psychotherapist and the right to privacy of the patient cannot prevail over public interest or public safety. Moreover, there are clear provisions of laws, i.e. Section 1024 of the Evidence Code and Section 9 of the Principles of Medical Ethics of the American Medical Association which allows the physician to divulge matters confided to him in confidence when it is necessary for public welfare (Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). Confidentiality The effective therapeutic relationship between physician/psychiatrist and patient rests largely on tru st that matters confided by the patient during the treatment are kept in strictest confidence by the physician/psychiatrist.It is the ethical duty of the physician to observe privacy and confidentiality of his patients (Corbin, 2007). While it is also of public interest to ensure that treatment of those who are mentally ill by maintaining an atmosphere whereby they can have an open dialogue with their therapist and of safeguarding its confidential character; the same public interest calls for an imperative recognition of instances whereby disclosure of the confidential communications be revealed and be made to safeguard public safety and avert the threatened peril.In the instances, where the public safety is at risk, the therapist must disclose confidential information discreetly with due regard to protecting the privacy of his patient (Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). The parameters of confidentiality are defined by law and by the ethical code of co nduct for practitioners in the territorial jurisdiction. In the case of Tarasoff, the Evidence Code and the Principles of Medical Ethics of the American Medical Association provided specific and limited exceptions under which the confidentiality privilege can be breached, i.e. â€Å"if the psychotherapist has reasonable cause to believe that the patient is in such mental or emotional condition as to be dangerous to himself or to the person or property of another and that disclosure of the communication is necessary to prevent the threatened danger; unless he is required to do so by law or unless it becomes necessary in order to protect the welfare of the individual or of the community† (Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425).It would be wise for the practitioners to familiarize themselves of the limits of confidentiality as provided under the laws considering that it may differ from state to state. The Tarasoff case provided a basis to guide a practi tioner in his professional dealings relative to the duty to warn others in cases of a specific threat of harm by his patient against others/another. Subsequent cases followed the consistent pattern of the jurisprudence laid down by the Supreme Court. In the case of David v.Lhim (1983), the plaintiff-administrator of the estate sued the psychiatrist who treated the son who killed his mother after he was released from the hospital. There was failure on the part of the psychiatrist who treated the son to warn the mother of the potential danger after her son confided his intentions of killing her (Corbin, 2007). In another case, Chrite v. U. S. (2003), the Veterans Administration was held liable for having failed to warn the intended victim of a patient of a threatened harm.Subsequent rulings of the court clarified and defined what constituted ‘threat’ as â€Å"imminent threat of serious danger to a readily identifiable victim† and â€Å"specific† (Corbin, 200 7). When there are no specific provisions of the law, Dickson (1998) proposes that the therapist/practitioner may be protected against lawsuits if he would consult and keenly document the case of the patient or comply with the â€Å"mandated reporting guidelines† required by some states.Reamer (2003) on the other hand, suggests that the therapist must have evidence that the patient is a threat to the safety of another; evidence of that the threat can be foreseen; threat is imminent and that the potential victim is identifiable. Legal and Ethical Implications and their Impact on Social Work Practice The duty of reasonable care to assist others in danger is a legal duty as well as a moral duty. However, American negligence law only recognizes it as a moral duty except when there exists a relationship between parties.In the case of Tarasoff, no special relationship existed between the therapist and Tarasoff; however the court has made an exception to this general rule (Bickel, 2 001). It declared that the therapist has the duty to care and to warn Tarasoff of the imminent harm on her life. This also includes the duty to control the conduct of his patient, Poddar. In the same breath, a doctor has the duty to warn his patient if he has a contagious disease (Saltzman and Furman, 1999).There is an affirmative duty for the therapist to advise and warn Tarasoff of the threat to her life although this meant breach of confidentiality with his patient Poddar. This finds basis both legally and ethically considering that the law and the code of ethics for doctors have recognized and provided specifically that doctors are bound to disclose relevant facts to others even if this violates confidentiality with their patients provided they are required by law or if it is required for public safety (Saltzman and Furman, 1999).This legal duty to warn applies when the threat is specific and imminent and where the victim is â€Å"readily identifiable† (Bickel, 2001). The courts also have recognized the difficulty in assessing and predicting circumstances that may lead to harm or violence and consequently, adhered to the ‘professional judgment rule’ whereby the therapist is not held liable for errors of judgments. Liability attaches only upon showing that the conduct of the therapist was not in accordance with the â€Å"accepted professional standards† (Bickel, 2001).There is an ambivalence that was created by the Tarasoff protective disclosure ruling with the practitioners (Kachigian and Felthous, 2004). Analogous cases and protective disclosure statutes in the different states were analyzed and it was discovered that there are no clear defined parameters of these duties. The therapist is required to a certain way betray his patient by disclosing matters which are protected by confidentiality.Considering the uncertainty brought about by the legal doctrine and court decisions, the undesirable consequence of which was deterrence f or therapists to accept â€Å"treatment potentially violent patients† (Merton, 1982). Moreover, therapists are more inclined to have their patients committed in an institution so that threats to the safety of potential victims can be averted. The Tarasoff protective disclosure was even extended recently to include even â€Å"communications made from a patient’s family member† as pronounced by the Court in the case of Ewing v. Goldstein (May and Ohlschlager, 2008).The dubious jurisprudential precedents by the courts in interpreting the protective disclosure statutes or its resort to common law instead of interpreting the statute left a vacuum in the definition of the duty to protect (Kachigian and Felthous, 2004). As a result, â€Å"clinicians must continue to rely on their clinical and ethical judgment, rather than statutory guidance, when considering potential protective disclosures or future drafts of protective disclosure statutes† (Kachigian and Felth ous, 2004). References Alderman, E. and Kennedy, C. (1992). In our defense: the bill of rights in action.First Avon Books edition. Ashby, J. (February 2006). Note declining to state a name in consideration of the fifth amendment’s self-incrimination clause and law enforcement databases after Hiibel. Michigan Law Review, No. 4, Vol. 104:779. Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U. S. 1301 (1988). Bickel, R. Revisiting Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California: the scope of the psychotherapist’s duty to control dangerous students. Presented before the 22nd Annual Law and higher Education conference in Clearwater, Florida on 18-20 February 2001.California v. Byers, 402 U. S. 424, 448–58 (1971). Corbin, J. (Fall 2007). Confidentiality and the duty to warn: Ethical and legal implications for the therapeutic relationship. The New Social Worker, Vol. 14, No. 4. Dickson, D. T. (1998). Confidentiality and privacy in social work. New York: T he Free Press Doe v. U. S. , 487 U. S. 201, 209 (1988). Fisher v. United States, 425 U. S. 391 (1976). Kachigian, C. and Felthous, A. (September 2004). Court responses to Tarasoff statutes. Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and Law Online, Vol. 23:263-273.Levy, L. (1968). Origins of the fifth amendment: The right against self-incrimination. May, S. and Ohlschlager, J. (2008). California alert! Tarasoff ruling expanded for clients who ‘go off. ’ ECounseling. American Association of Christian Counselors. Merton, V. (1982). Confidentiality and the dangerous patient: Implications of Tarasoff for Psychiatrists and lawyers. Emory Law Journal, Vol. 31:265. New York v. Quarles, 476 U. S. 649 (1984). Parks, A. (2008). Unless the Court of Appeals decision is reversed, MD children may not be. Daily Record The Baltimore.Reamer, F. (2003). Social work malpractice and liability. New York: Columbia University Press, 2nd ed. Saltzman, A. and Furman, D. (1999). Law in social wor k practice. Brooks Cole, 2nd edition. Schmerber v. California, 384 U. S. 757 (1966). Schwartz, B (December 1971). The bill of rights: A documentary history. Chelsea House Publishers with McGraw-Hill Education. Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425. Ullmann v. United States, 350 U. S. 422 (1956). U. S. v. Doe, 465 U. S. 605. United States v. Hubbell, 530 U. S. 27 (2000).

The Seeds of Discouragement - 2047 Words

The seeds of discouragement in work with young people INTRODUCTION Discouragement by definition is the act of or instance of being discouraged, the state of being discouraged or something that discourages. In other words it is simply the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles. Young people may become defiant or hard if seeds of discouragement are sown into their lives especially during their childhood years. This essay will seek to demonstrate how discouragement can be used positively by a child and youth care worker (CYCW) to try to help the youths they work with develop positively. It will discuss how CYCW behaviors encourage or discourage youths by addressing the four ecological hazards linked to the profiles of discouragement. The†¦show more content†¦This can be achieved by creating non-threatening environments and having experimental activities that involve social engagement by teaching those concepts and not facts. Mentoring and teaching them accountable cooperative learning can discourage them from engaging in the negative acti vities they were once involved in or might get involved in as a sense of a future and purpose is created. Learned Responsibility This ecological hazard consists of children who are rebellious and defiant as they try to mask their sense of powerlessness. This in most cases leads these children to join gangs in search of a feeling of belonging. Another reason for these gangs to be created is for these children to look for loop holes and go against authority. This is because their needs are not being met by the existing social structures. This may lead to drug and alcohol abuse, theft, prostitution and even killings. Responsibility cannot be learned because of these negative and destructive ways that would have been learnt. CYCW’s can discourage these children from gangs by teaching them to become independent, self-sufficient, responsible and self-disciplined. 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